What is the Difference Between LPG and Natural Gas?

If you're wondering what is the difference between liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas, you're not alone. These two common fuel sources power homes across Australia, but they have distinct characteristics and uses.
Typically stored in cylinders, LPG gas is a versatile option for properties off the mains gas network. On the other hand, natural gas flows through the mains network and is a popular choice for its cost-effectiveness and convenience.
By knowing the answer to the question “What is the difference between LPG and natural gas?”, you make informed decisions about your gas needs, whether you’re looking for cooking fuel, heating, or hot water solutions. So in the LPG vs natural gas showdown, which is better for your home? Let’s explore each option further.
Understanding LPG
LPG is a versatile fuel composed mainly of propane gas and butane gas. It is a by-product of natural gas extraction and crude oil refining. When stored under pressure, LPG turns into liquid, making it easy to transport and store in tanks or LPG cylinders.
Liquified petroleum gas is widely used in Australian households for various purposes. For areas without access to natural gas pipelines, it is commonly used for:
- cooking
- heating
- hot water systems
The benefits of using LPG include its high energy efficiency and portability.
Understanding Natural Gas
Natural gas is a fossil fuel composed mainly of methane. It is extracted in its raw state from underground natural gas reserves and delivered to homes via an extensive network of pipelines. Raw natural gas is odourless, so before it reaches our homes it has a harmless compound called Mercaptan added. This organic compound provides natural gas with its easily identifiable rotten egg-like smell.
Much like liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas is widely used in homes across Australia for:
- heating
- cooking
- hot water systems
Unlike LPG, natural gas remains in a gaseous state under normal atmospheric conditions. However, it does also come as liquefied natural gas or compressed natural gas. The benefits of using natural gas include its consistent gas supply through pipelines, eliminating the need for storage tanks. It is also known for its affordability and comparatively lower greenhouse gas emissions than other fossil fuels, making it a popular choice for environmentally conscious households.
Key Differences Between LPG and Natural Gas
As we look further at the LPG vs natural gas comparison, let’s look at a key difference or two between them.
Chemical Composition
LPG and natural gas differ primarily in their chemical compositions. LPG is composed mainly of propane and butane, while for natural gas, methane is the core component. This difference in chemical structure affects their combustion properties, with LPG having a higher energy content per unit volume than natural gas. As a result, LPG appliances often deliver more heat in a shorter period compared to natural gas appliances.
Impact on Combustion and Energy Efficiency
The higher energy content of LPG means it can achieve higher temperatures more quickly, making it particularly effective for applications requiring intense heat energy. However, this also means that LPG burns hotter than natural gas, which can be a consideration in terms of appliance compatibility and safety.
Storage and Transportation
LPG is stored and transported in liquid form under pressure, typically in gas cylinders or larger tanks. This makes it versatile for use in locations without access to pipeline infrastructure. On the other hand, natural gas is delivered directly to homes via pipelines, ensuring a continuous and reliable supply. This method of delivery eliminates the need for regular refills, which is a significant convenience for homeowners.
Convenience and Limitations for Residential Use
The portability of LPG makes it ideal for rural and remote areas where Natural Gas pipelines may not reach. However, the need to store LPG in tanks can take up space and requires regular monitoring to avoid running out of gas. Natural gas, with its constant supply through pipelines, offers convenience in urban and suburban settings where infrastructure is in place.
Safety Considerations
Both natural gas and LPG require careful handling due to their flammable nature. LPG, being stored under pressure, poses a risk of explosion if tanks are damaged or improperly maintained. Natural Gas, while delivered at lower pressures, can accumulate in enclosed spaces if there are leaks, leading to potential hazards. Proper installation and maintenance by professionals are crucial for both types of gas.
Environmental Impact
Natural gas and LPG also differ in their environmental impacts. Natural gas is often considered a cleaner fossil fuel due to its lower carbon dioxide emissions when burned. On the other hand, the more energy-dense LPG can be more efficient in certain applications, potentially offsetting some of the environmental disadvantages. Both gases are fossil fuels, but they represent different trade-offs in terms of efficiency and emissions.
Choose the Right Gas for Your Home
Choosing between natural gas vs LPG for your home depends on various factors, including gas connection availability, cost, and how much gas your household needs. While liquefied petroleum gas offers portability and high energy efficiency, natural gas provides a consistent and convenient supply through pipelines.
Understanding the key differences and benefits of each type of gas can help Australian homeowners make informed decisions. Consulting with professionals to assess your home’s requirements and local availability will ensure you select the best option for your energy needs.
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